What is the main function of ransomware in the context of malware?

Ransomware primarily functions by encrypting files on the victim's system and subsequently demanding a ransom for the decryption key. This method of attack effectively locks users out of their own data, making it inaccessible until the ransom is paid, which can create significant pressure on individuals and organizations to comply. Ransomware is typically spread through phishing emails or malicious downloads, taking advantage of users' vulnerabilities to execute its payload.

The nature of ransomware is such that it causes direct financial harm, as it not only threatens the integrity of data but also poses a financial burden through the demands for payment. This characteristic distinguishes ransomware from other types of malware that may focus on data theft, corruption, or monitoring system activity. Understanding this unique aspect of ransomware is crucial for recognizing its impact and devising effective prevention and response strategies in cybersecurity.